How European settlers spread progress
How European settlers spread progress
And laid the foundations for American progress
This article is one article in my multi-part series on How progress spread across the globe:
How Progress Spread Across the Globe (podcast)
How European settlers spread progress (this article)
The significance of the Industrial Revolution (upcoming)
Was the Industrial Revolution inevitable? (upcoming)
The Great Power conflicts of the 20th Century (upcoming)
Progress since 1991 (upcoming)
European Settlers
As James Belich argued in his book Replenishing the Earth, an important historical breakthrough that helped to spread progress to new regions was the migration of Europeans to much of the rest of the world. Here is a summary of Belich’s excellent book in my library of online book summaries.
Most of the following is an excerpt from my book From Poverty to Progress: Understanding Humanity’s Greatest Achievement. You can purchase discounted copies of my book at my website, or pay full prize at Amazon.
European settlers brought their genes, technologies, skills, social organizations, and values with them. The result was often a dramatic jump in per capita GDP in local regions. This jump rarely benefitted the indigenous people, at least in the short run, but it did lay the foundation for widespread progress outside Europe.
Particularly important was the mass immigration of the British to North America. Remember that North America had almost all the geographical preconditions for building complex Agrarian societies. The main constraint was a lack of domesticated animals capable of pulling plows.
Because many of the early British immigrants came from complex societies, the settlers brought domesticated animals with them. They also brought an entire suite of complex technologies, skills, and social organizations. Just as importantly, they did not bring the centralized extractive institutions from their home countries.
When settlers arrived in a relatively unpopulated region, they tended to recreate the societies that they had left and to adapt to the local environment. It could not be otherwise.
Settlers had grown up in societies with a unique suite of technologies, skills, social organizations, and values. They could not reinvent themselves as people just because they were living in a new land. Their survival and reproduction were at stake. The difficulties of the initial settlement forced them to fall back on what they already knew.
Settlers from the largest Agrarian societies of Western Europe – Spain, France, and Portugal – tended to recreate similar societies in the New World. They all left hierarchical agricultural societies that highly valued status, military glory, conspicuous consumption, and avoidance of physical work. It was only natural that the conquerors would want to set up similar societies in the New World, but with themselves at the top of the pyramid.
If similar people had settled all of North America, it too would have been sculpted into similar societies with all the disadvantages of Agrarian societies. Fortunately for humanity, a very different type of people settled in what became the Northeastern United States. Settlers in this area largely came from Commercial and Free Peasant societies.
The establishment of rapidly growing Commercial and Free Peasant societies in North America by European settlers sowed the seeds for a fundamental shift in global power. As the United States grew in population and geographical extent, industrialized, and finally built a world-class military, the balance of world power between Agrarian societies and Commercial societies fundamentally shifted.
No longer were free societies a small collection of city-states huddling on the fringes of Europe. Now they were continental in scope. This development played a fundamental role in shaping the history of the 20th Century.
In future posts, I will go into much more detail on how geography and the characteristics of settlers played a major role in spreading progress to North America and other European settler colonies.
The above is an excerpt from my book From Poverty to Progress: Understanding Humanity’s Greatest Achievement. You can purchase discounted copies of my book at my website, or pay full prize at Amazon.
This article is one article in my multi-part series on How progress spread across the globe:
How Progress Spread Across the Globe (podcast)
How European settlers spread progress (this article)
The significance of the Industrial Revolution (upcoming)
Was the Industrial Revolution inevitable? (upcoming)
The Great Power conflicts of the 20th Century (upcoming)
Progress since 1991 (upcoming)